The fabrication or structural process that joints metals or thermoplastics by coalescence is known as welding. The process involves melting the work pieces to form a pool of molten material. A metal added while making the joints of through welding, brazing or soldiering is known as ‘filler metal’, is used. Various energy sources are used while welding like an electric flame or an electric arc, an electron beam, an ultrasound or even a laser.

Welding can be done industrially in any type of environment be it open air, underwater and even in outer space. In spite of the flexibility attached to the location in welding, welding is a precarious process and care must be taken to avoid burns, damage to the eyes, poisonous fumes and overexposure to ultraviolet lights. Welding done without proper precautions is unhealthy. However the use of modern technology and the necessary precautions, deaths and injuries have severely come down.

Welders to avoid the risk or getting burned or even getting permanently blinded use protective leather equipment and heavy leather. They also use protective long sleeve jackets to evade revelation to extreme heat and the scorching flames.

Welding machines are classified into two types ie. Constant current (CC) and Constant Voltage (CV). A constant current machine varies its output voltage while maintaining a steady flow of current while the constant voltage machine will fluctuate its output current while maintaining a steady set voltage. Due to the welder’s inability to control the arc manually, the nature of the Constant Voltage machine is required by gas metal arc welding and flux cored arc welding. The Constant Current machine can be reliable in the fact that a constant number of amperes are reaching the material to be welded regardless of the arc. Nevertheless too much distance may result into poor quality of welding.

The machines are of the following designs:

Transformer style- a transformer style of welding machine is used to convert the high voltage and low electricity from the utility and transform it into a high current and low voltage facility. The typical voltage range is between 17 to 45 volts and from 55 to 590 amperes. These machines usually are inexpensive.

Generator and alternator- Welding machines for the process of converting mechanical energy to electrical energy, require generators and alternators. While modern machines are run using an internal combustion engine, older machines may still be run by an electric motor to start the generator or alternator.

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Tags: welder, Welders, welding, welding machines